MITOCHONDRIA

                                          

MITOCHONDRIA   

       BACKGROUND :-

                           Every organism needs energy . For this energy the organism 

                           have cells and these cells need to produce energy for different 

                           activities of life. There must be an energy generator in the cell.

     MEANING :-

                           The word mitochondria derived from two Greek words :

                                ( Mito ===== Means===== Thread)

                                ( Chondrion= Means=====Granule)

       DEFINITION :-

                           The filamentous or granular cytoplasmic organelles of all

                           aerobic cell of :

                       => Higher animals and plants.

                       => Micro-organisms including algae protozoa and fungi.

•            These are absent in Bacteria.

        MORPHOLOGY :-

           ( a ). NUMBER :-

                             The number of mitochondria depends upon the type of

                             cell and functional state of the cell. It's number varies

                             from cell to cell. Certain cells contain large amount of 

                             mitochondria such as : Amoeba.

            ( b ). SHAPE :-

                             The mitochondria may have filamentous or granular in 

                             shape. Thus the may have club, racket, vesicular, and ring

                             or round shape.

            ( c ). SIZE :-

                             Size is about 0.5 to 2.0 micro-meter. Sometime their length

                             length increases about 7 micro-meter.

              

    STRUCTURE

    

         DOUBLE MEMBRANOUS :-

                            Mitochondria consist of double membrane which are spec-

                            ialized. It play a crucial role in the activities of mitochondria.

            THICKNESS:- 

                            The thickness of each membrane is about 6 nm in thickness.

                        (a). OUTER MEMBRANE :-

                                             The outer membrane is quite smooth and has many

                             copies of transport protein called porin which forms large

                             aqueous channels through lipids bilayer.

                       (b).INNER MEMBRANE:-

                                                       The inner membrane is not smooth but is 

                             impermeable and highly convoluted forming a series of in-

                             folding, known as cristae.

                              :→ The outer and inner membrane is separated by a space

                              which filled with fluids.

                    PRE-MITOCHONDRIAL SPACE :-

                                               The space between inner and outer membrane is 

                                 called pre-mitochondrial space.

                  MATRIX SPACE :-

                                                   The space present inside the inner membrane

                                  is called matrix or matrix space.Which is filled with a 

                                  dense, homogeneous, gel like proteinaceous materials,

                                  called mitochondrial matrix.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

                      Mitochondria different in different organisms. It is about 65 to

               70 % protein and 25 to 30 % of lipids, 0.5 % RNA and a small amount

               of DNA.

               FUNCTION

                 The mitochondria perform most important functions such as oidation,

              dehydrogenation, oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory chain of 

              the cell. Simply it work as the production of energy for utilization of 

              to perform different function of the organisms. That is why it is called 

              the power house of cell.

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